Lesson 3 Respiratory System: The Human Lungs | Mvcinternationaleducators Forum > Lesson 3 Respiratory System: The Human Lungs

mvcinternationaleducators 15 posts Tuesday, 13. October 2009 07:39AM

Page 1

posts 1–6 of 6

sweetypie

rookie - member

2 posts

+0 permalink

Post Admin: delete topic | spam

Subject matter: The respiratory system: The lungs

Facilitator: Sweet Kenny Dawn S. Locop

Subject Matter: General Science

Major Topic: Respiratory system

Minor Topic: The Human Lungs

I. Objectives:

Given a picture, the student shall have enumerated at least five parts of the respiratory system with functions of each part.
The student will be able to describe the at least 5 characteristics of the breathing in-breathing out process of the respiratory system.
The students will be able to identify at least three picture of a spoil lung; and ten factors that caused any damage of the system and their remedies on how to take care of the lungs.

II. Key concept:

Your respiratory system helps your body take oxygen from the air. The respiratory system is made up of your nose, mouth, trachea, lungs, and diaphragm.

Our lungs fuel us with oxygen, the body's life-sustaining gas. They breathe in air, then extract the oxygen and pass it into the bloodstream, where it's rushed off to the tissues and organs that require it to function.

Oxygen drives the process of respiration, which provides our cells with energy. The waste gas carbon dioxide is produced as a byproduct and disposed of when we exhale. Without this vital exchange our cells would quickly die and leave the body to suffocate.

III. Learning activities

Activity 1

The respiratory system is made up of nose, mouth, trachea, lungs and diaphragm. Provide a photo of each part and label it with their functions and characteristics.

Activity 2

Make a table with 3 columns: parts breathe in, breathe out. And you will provide the parts that involve on how the air travels in our body, and describe the characteristic of the part. Please refer the example given below.

Example:

parts	Breath in	Breath out
lungs	Stretch like balloons. Air carrying oxygen rushes down in to the lungs.	deflated
diaphragm	contracted	Pushes air out of our lungs. The air takes the carbon dioxide waste from the blood with it.

Activity 3

Submit at least three picture of a diseased lung and tag it for its cause and remedy. See example below.

Disease: Lung Cancer

The light-colored tissue on this human lung is cancerous. The surrounding lung tissue is black from cigarette smoking. Doctors estimate that 85 percent of all lung cancer is caused by smoking.

Cause: cigarette smoking

Remedy: no to cigarette smoking and avoid nearing next to a person who smokes.

IV. Requirements

Activity 1—Submit at least five photo of each parts that belongs to respiratory system with functions.

Activity 2— make a table and describe the characteristics of the part what happen during breathing in and breathing out.

Activity 3—Submit at least 3 photos of a bad human lungs and mark it with cause and several remedies to avoid such disease.

V. Course Policies

Attendance. Once you are online, kindly write “(your name) is here, ma’am”. Example: Judith Carope is here, ma’am

Requirements. Requirements should be passed on time. Do not pass the requirement as if all in one. Pass the requirement by activity. You will post a different string for requirement 1, another for requirement 2, so on and so forth. For requirements alone, I am expecting that you will have a minimum of 4 postings.

Teacher’s Presence. For every post you will make, I will be giving comments.

__________________

trying hard

quote

06th October 2009 00:45 a.m.

judith

novice - member

34 posts

+0 permalink

Post Admin: delete | spam

Judith Carope is here ma'am.

quote

06th October 2009 05:43 a.m.

judith

novice - member

34 posts

+0 permalink

Post Admin: delete | spam

Here is my answer in activity 1.

Respiration is achieved through the mouth, nose, trachea, lungs and diaphragm. Oxygen enters the respiratory system through the mouth and the nose. The oxygen then passes through the larynx (where speech is produced) and the trachea which is the tube that enters the chest cavity. In the chest cavity, the trachea splits into two smaller tubes called the bronchi. Each bronchus then divides again, thus forming the bronchial tubes. The bronchial tubes head directly into the lungs where they divide into many smaller tubes which connect to tiny sacs called Alveoli. The average adult’s lings contain approximately 600 million of these spongy, air-filled sacs that are surrounded by capillaries. The inhaled oxygen passes into the alveoli, and then diffuses through the capillaries into the arterial blood. At the same time, the waste-rich blood from the veins releases the carbon dioxide into the alveoli. The carbon dioxide follows the same path out of the lungs when you exhale.
The diaphragm’s job is to help pump the carbon dioxide out the lungs and pull the oxygen into the lungs. The diaphragm is a sheet of muscles that lies across the bottom of the chest cavity. As the diaphragm contracts and relaxes, breathing takes place. When the diaphragm contracts, oxygen is pulled into the lungs. When the diaphragm relaxes, carbon dioxide is pumped out of the lungs.

quote

06th October 2009 05:49 a.m.

judith

novice - member

34 posts

+0 permalink

Post Admin: delete | spam

quote

06th October 2009 05:57 a.m.

judith

novice - member

34 posts

+0 permalink

Post Admin: delete | spam

activity 2

Parts

Breathe in

Breathe out

Lung

Stretch like balloons. Air carrying oxygen rushes down in to the lungs.

deflated

diaphragm

contracted

Pushes air out of our lungs. The air takes the carbon dioxide waste from the blood with it.

Nose

filtered

the nose and mouth, where we take in the oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.

Trachea

air goes into our nose or mouth, then through the larynx, down the trachea, and into our lungs

the air goes out the other way.

mouth

filtered

the nose and mouth, where we take in the oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.

quote

06th October 2009 06:18 a.m.

jannine

rookie - member

6 posts

+0 permalink

Post Admin: delete | spam

Jannine Eliseo is here ma’am

Activity 1-

The uppermost portion of the human respiratory system, the nose is a hollow air passage that functions in breathing and in the sense of smell. The nasal cavity moistens and warms incoming air, while small hairs and mucous filter out harmful particles and microorganisms. This illustration depicts the interior of the human nose.

FRONTAL SINUSES, found in the frontal bone just above and between the eye sockets, and the sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses, located deeper in the skull over the nasal cavity. The sinuses produce mucus, which is propelled by small, hairlike processes called cilia into the nasal cavity. Their function is not clearly understood, but they are believed to help warm and moisten inhaled air.

The facial bones include the two nasal bones, which constitute the upper portion of the bridge of the nose.

Cartilage -the tough elastic tissue that is found in the nose, throat, and ear and in other parts of the body and forms most of the skeleton in infancy, changing to bone during growth

Pharynx - muscular tube located in the neck, lined with mucous membrane, that connects the nose and mouth with the trachea (windpipe) and esophagus and serves as a passageway for both air and food

Olfactory bulb—the main processing center for odors.

Paranasal Sinuses, air-filled, mucus-lined cavities in the head and cheekbones that drain into the nasal cavity

Nasopharynx- behind and above the soft palate, continuous with the nasal passage.

Pharyngeal tonsil- These masses consist of cells, similar to the lymphocytes of the bloodstream, embedded in fibrous connective tissue and covered by a single layer of epithelium.

2. mouth

the mouth is an integral part of digestion, speech, and breathing. Food enters the mouth to be broken down both by the teeth and by enzymes secreted by three salivary glands—the sublingual gland, the submandibular gland, and the parotid gland. The tongue pushes food down the pharynx. The tongue and nasal cavity modify sound waves to produce the sounds of speech, while the tongue and teeth work together to form words.

Epiglottis-, thin, lidlike flap of cartilage attached to the base of the tongue of terrestrial vertebrates. The epiglottis is normally pointed upward, but during the passage of solids and liquids from the mouth into the esophagus, the epiglottis is folded down over the glottis, the opening between the vocal cords, to prevent food fromvi passing into the trachea.

Parotid gland- salivary gland below ear: a salivary gland located below the ear in humans

Pharynx- a region between the mouth and the digestive system in sea anemones, worms, insects, and other invertebrate animals

Esophagus- passage in throat: the passage down which food moves between the throat and the stomach

Nasal cavity- hollow area forming inner nose: either of the two open spaces, located between the floor of the cranium and the roof of the mouth, that form the inner nose

Teeth- hard, bony structures in the mouths of humans and animals used primarily to chew food, but also for gnawing, digging, fighting, and catching and killing prey

Tongue

fleshy organ inside mouth: the movable fleshy organ attached to the bottom of the inside of the mouth of humans and most animals, used for tasting, licking, swallowing, and, in humans, speech

trachea-

a tube in insects and related air-breathing invertebrate animals through which air is drawn into the body by the pumping action of the abdominal muscles

LUNGS

Human Lungs

In humans the lungs occupy a large portion of the chest cavity from the collarbone down to the diaphragm. The right lung is divided into three sections, or lobes.

The left lung, with a cleft to accommodate the heart, has only two lobes.

The two branches of the trachea, called bronchi, subdivide within the lobes into smaller and smaller air vessels known as bronchioles.

Bronchioles terminate in alveoli, tiny air sacs surrounded by capillaries. When the alveoli inflate with inhaled air, oxygen diffuses into the blood in the capillaries to be pumped by the heart to the tissues of the body. At the same time carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood into the lungs, where it is exhaled.

Diaphragm and Respiration

As the diaphragm contracts and moves downward, the pectoralis minor and intercostal muscles pull the rib cage outward. The chest cavity expands, and air rushes into the lungs through the trachea to fill the resulting vacuum. When the diaphragm relaxes to its normal, upwardly curving position, the lungs contract, and air is forced outside.

Activity # 2

Parts	Breathe in	Breath out
lungs	Get oxygen to tissues; use up oxygen and produce carbon dioxide Inspiration- air moves into the lungs	Diffusion of oxygen to tissues; Expiration- air forces out of the lungs
Nose	Entrance of the air breath; filtering prevents airborne bacteria, viruses and other diseases	Exit of the air breath; air warmed by the blood in the capillaries
Larynx	Lined with protective mucous membrane and ciliated cells that remove impurities of air	Help push air out of the lungs

.Activity # 3

diseases: Lung Tuberculosis

Lung tissue calcification, resulting from pulmonary tuberculosis, appears as yellow patches within the chest area of this human X ray. When airborne phlegm

Cause: contaminated with the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis is inhaled

Remedy Avoid roaming around to a polluted area to prevent this diseases

Disease: Lung Cancer

These cells lack the cilia that normally catch and eliminate foreign particles inhaled into the lung. Mucous ordinarily cleared by bronchial cilia becomes trapped, blocking air passages.

Factors that Affect the Development of Cancer

Smoking

Cigarette smoking is responsible for 87% of lung cancer cases and for about 30% of all cancer deaths. Those who smoke two or more packs of cigarettes a day have lung cancer mortality rates 15-25 times greater than nonsmokers. Environmental tobacco smoke, or second-hand smoke, causes 3000 deaths from lung cancer each year in nonsmoking adults.

Nutrition

Risk for colon, breast and uterine cancers increases in obese people. High-fat diets may contribute to the development of certain cancers such as breast, colon, and prostate. High-fiber foods may help reduce risk of colon cancer. A varied diet containing plenty of vegetables and fruits rich in vitamins A and C may reduce risk for cancers of larynx, esophagus, stomach, and lung. Salt-cured, smoked, and nitrite-cured foods have been linked to esophageal and stomach cancer.

Sunlight

Almost all of the more than 800,000 cases of non-melanoma skin cancer developed each year in the United States are considered to be sun-related. Sun exposure is also a major factor in the development of melanoma, and the incidence increases for those living near the equator.

Alcohol

Oral cancer and cancers of the larynx, throat, esophagus, and liver occur more frequently among heavy drinkers of alcohol.

Smokeless
Tobacco

Use of chewing tobacco or snuff increases risk for cancers of the mouth, larynx, throat, and esophagus.

Radiation

Excessive exposure to ionizing radiation can increase cancer risk. Most medical and dental X rays are adjusted to deliver the lowest dose possible without sacrificing image quality. Excessive radon exposure in the home may increase lung cancer, especially in cigarette smokers.

Occupational
Hazards

Exposure to a number of industrial agents (nickel, chromate, asbestos, vinyl chloride, etc.) increases risk of various cancers. Risk from asbestos is greatly increased when combined with smoking.

Smoker lung tissue

Various diseases that affect the lungs either destroy the alveoli directly, as does emphysema, or impair the alveoli’s ability to exchange gases. This picture shows the effects of emphysema (caused by smoking) on lung tissue.

Causes: Smoking constantly

Remedy: control the using of this deadly attractive poison made by man

quote

07th October 2009 00:22 a.m.

Organ	Inhaling	Exhaling
Thoracic Cage	Will increase its vertical size during inhalation	Decrease of vertical size during exhalation
Lungs	Will expand due to the air inside	Will be back into normal size due to the release of air
External corstals	Will grew larger and thus expands higher than the thoracic cage	Will be back into its normal size
Diaphragm	Contracts	Expands
Trachea	No changes	No changes (it is only a passage way)
Nose	Receives oxygen	Gives off carbon dioxide
Larynx	No changes	No changes